How is alternating current (AC) characterized?

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Alternating current (AC) is characterized by rapidly changing directions of flow. In contrast to direct current (DC), where the electric charge flows in a single direction, AC's flow alternates back and forth. This means that the voltage and current vary over time in a sinusoidal manner, typically going through cycles where the direction of the current changes regularly, usually many times per second.

In practical terms, this property of AC allows it to be transmitted efficiently over long distances, which is why it is widely used in power distribution systems. The alternating nature of AC also enables the use of transformers, making it easier to step up or step down voltages for different applications. Understanding this characteristic is crucial in fields such as electrical engineering and physics, as it impacts how electrical systems are designed and utilized.

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