What is the scientific term for freckles?

Freckles are scientifically known as lentigines. This term refers specifically to small, flat, tan or light-brown spots that appear on the skin, especially in areas exposed to sunlight. Lentigines are caused by an increased number of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes and are more commonly found in individuals with lighter skin tones who are exposed to sunlight.

Moreover, while other terms related to skin conditions do exist—like melanosis, which generally refers to any condition that causes an abnormal increase in melanin—the distinct classification of freckles as lentigines highlights their unique characteristics. Dermatosis is a broader term for any disease of the skin and does not specify pigmentation, and pigmentosis is not a widely recognized scientific term in dermatology. Thus, the use of "lentigines" specifically captures the nature of freckles, making it the correct answer.