What type of immunity is present at birth?

Natural immunity is the type of immunity present at birth. This form of immunity is inherent and does not require prior exposure to pathogens or vaccinations to be active. It comprises physical and chemical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, as well as innate immune cells that the body has from the moment of birth. This immune response acts quickly to defend against a broad range of pathogens, providing immediate but non-specific protection.

Other forms of immunity, such as acquired immunity, develop after exposure to specific pathogens or through vaccinations and are not present at birth. Adaptive immunity is a type of acquired immunity that involves a more tailored response to specific pathogens after exposure. Passive immunity typically involves the transfer of antibodies, such as those passed from mother to child through breast milk or the placenta, but it is not synonymous with natural immunity, which includes the body's innate defenses.