What type of massage movement is characterized by deep rubbing?

The type of massage movement characterized by deep rubbing is friction. This technique involves the application of pressure and movement that works to loosen tight muscles and connective tissues. It generally focuses on deeper layers of muscle and connective tissue, which can help in relieving tension, improving circulation, and breaking down adhesions.

Friction techniques are often used on specific areas of discomfort or injury, allowing the therapist to target muscle knots and areas of tension effectively. The technique can be performed using various parts of the therapist's hands, such as fingers, palms, or even elbows to apply the necessary pressure.

The other techniques listed, while they each serve unique purposes and have their characteristics, do not specifically refer to deep rubbing. Petrissage, for example, involves kneading and squeezing to lift and roll muscles, while tapotement consists of rhythmic tapping. Effleurage refers to long, sweeping strokes that are more about relaxation and warming up the tissues than deep manipulation. Thus, friction is distinct in its focused application of deep rubbing for therapeutic effects.